| 雷电过电压保护器件 |
| 添加时间：2017/12/11 14:14:25 浏览次数： |
| 1、浪涌保护器的分类 1. Classification of surge protectors 根据IEC1312-1（通则）、IEC1312-3（浪涌保护器的要求）、IEC1643-2（低压系统的浪涌保护器）及ITU-T K36（保护装置的选择），浪涌保护器（surge protective devices简称SPD）可由气体放电管、放电间隙、氧化锌压敏电阻（MOV）、半导体放电管（SAD）、齐纳二极管、滤波器、保险丝等原件混合组成。国内外各种类型SPD产品一般都由这些元器件组成。浪涌保护器可分为三类：电压开关型SPD（voltage switching type SPD）；限压型SPD（voltage limiting type SPD）；组合型SPD（combination type SPD）。 According to IEC1312-1 (general), IEC1312-3 (the requirements of surge protection), IEC1643-2 (low voltage surge protection system ITU-T (K36) and selection of protective devices), surge protector (surge protective devices referred to as SPD) by gas discharge tube, discharge gap, Zinc Oxide varistor (MOV), the semiconductor arrester (SAD), zener diode, filter, fuse original mixture. All kinds of SPD products at home and abroad are generally made up of these components. Surge protectors can be divided into three categories: voltage switch type SPD (voltage switching type SPD), voltage limiting SPD (voltage limiting type SPD), combinatorial SPD (type). 2、电流型SPD 2. Current type SPD 电流型SPD（归属于电压开关型SPD类）安装在通信局（站）建筑物外雷电保护区0区，可最大限度的消除电网后续电流，疏导10/350μs的模拟雷电冲击电流（无论这些电流是远处的雷电过电压还是直击雷引起的）。电流型SPD一般由高性能火花隙组成，它的特点是放电能力强，但残压较高，通常为2000~4000v，检验测试一般采用10/350μs的模拟雷电冲击电流波型。 The current type SPD (belonging to the voltage switching type SPD) installed in the communication bureau (station) 0 District building lightning protection zone, to maximize the elimination of grid current follow-up, simulation of lightning impulse current 10/350 s grooming (whether it is far from the current lightning overvoltage caused by lightning strike or straight). The current mode SPD is usually made up of high performance spark gap. It has the characteristics of strong discharge capacity, but high residual pressure. It is usually 2000~4000v. Generally speaking, 10/350 10/350 is used to simulate the lightning impulse current mode. 3、限压型SPD 3, limit pressure type SPD 限压型SPD一般由MOV及SAD等元器件组成，安装在雷电保护区建筑物内，可疏导8/20μs的模拟雷电冲击电流，在过电压保护中具有逐级限制雷电过电压的功能，检验测试器件的残压一般采用8/20μs的模拟雷电冲击电流波型 Voltage limiting type SPD consists of MOV and SAD components, installed in the building lightning protection zone, simulation of lightning impulse current can be grooming 8/20 s, with over voltage limit step by step function in the lightning overvoltage protection, residual pressure testing device generally uses 8/20 s to simulate the lightning impulse current type 4、混合型电源SPD 4. Hybrid power supply SPD 1）SAD与MOV组成的混合型电源SPD 1) a hybrid power SPD composed of SAD and MOV SAD有以下主要技术特征： SAD has the following main technical features: ①对浪涌电压的响应速度非常快，与原有的保护单元相比，对陡峭的雷击电压可以充分抑制，使原来的保护单元多级保护设计变得简单，而且更加小型化； 1. The response speed to surge voltage is very fast. Compared with the original protection unit, the steep lightning stroke voltage can be suppressed sufficiently, making the original protection unit multilevel protection design simpler and more miniaturized. ②利用半导体内部的电子和空穴的原理进行工作，不存在劣化问题，保养简单、使用寿命增加； (2) using the principle of electrons and holes in the semiconductor to work, there is no problem of deterioration, simple maintenance and increased service life. ③用硅PN结的工作原理设计的半导体放电管，其双向、单向、开关动作均能自由精确的设计出来，一致性较好； (3) a semiconductor discharge tube, designed with the principle of silicon PN junction, can be designed freely and accurately, with good consistency. 因此，采用SAD和MOV组成的混合型电源SPD，利用SAD对浪涌电压的响应速度非常快等特点，在一般雷电过电压的保护时，由SAD承受浪涌电流，其标称放电电流可达10~20KA；若遇到较大量级的雷电过电压，第一级由SAD组成的电路保险管可自动断开，由第二级MOV作为雷电过电压保护，作为混合型电源SPD其MOV能承受冲击通流能量一般大于100KA。 Therefore, the hybrid power SPD using SAD and MOV components, the use of SAD response to the surge voltage very fast characteristics, overvoltage protection in general when lightning surge withstand current by SAD, the nominal discharge current up to 10~20KA; if the lightning overvoltage encountered greater magnitude, the first level SAD circuit of insurance composition of the tube can be automatically disconnected by the second level MOV as lightning overvoltage protection, as the hybrid power supply SPD the MOV can withstand the impact of energy flow is generally greater than 100KA. 2）MOV与滤波器组成的混合型电源SPD 2) a hybrid power SPD composed of MOV and filter 根据一个典型的沿配电线路侵入的雷电波，其浪涌波形是符合傅立叶变换的，其大部分能量分量具有相对较低的频率，采用MOV与滤波器组成的混合型电源SPD在同一测试条件下，具有比单一并联的SPD更低的残压。RFI滤波器可对150kHz~20MHz的雷电波进行滤波；标称放电电流40kA时残压可小于1000V。 According to a typical intrusion along the distribution line lightning wave, the surge waveform is consistent with the Fu Liye transform, the most energy component has relatively low frequency components using MOV and hybrid power filter SPD in the same test conditions, compared with the residual pressure of single parallel SPD lower. The RFI filter can filter the lightning wave of 150kHz~20MHz, and the nominal discharge current can be less than 1000V when the voltage is 40kA. |
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