1、照明开关为何必须接在火线上？
1. Why should the lighting switch be connected to the fire line?
如果将照明开关装设在零线上，虽然断开时电灯也不亮，但灯头的相线仍然是接通的，而人们以为灯不亮，就会错误地认为是处于断电状态。而实际上灯具上各点的对地电压仍是220伏的危险电压。如果灯灭时人们触及这些实际上带电的部位，就会造成触电事故。所以各种照明开关或单相小容量用电设备的开关，只有串接在火线上，才能确保安全。
If the lighting switch is installed on the zero line, though the lamp is not light when it is disconnected, the phase line of the lamp holder is still connected, and if people think the lamp is not bright, it will be wrongly considered to be in a power failure state. In fact, the ground voltage of each point on the lamp is still a dangerous voltage of 220 volts. If people touch these actually charged parts when the lights go out, it will cause an electric shock. So the switch of all kinds of lighting switches or single phase small capacity electric equipment can only be secured by the strings attached to the fire line.
2、单相三孔插座如何安装才正确？为什么？
2, how to install socket single-phase three hole is right? Why?
通常，单相用电设备，特别是移动式用电设备，都应使用三芯插头和与之配套的三孔插座。三孔插座上有专用的保护接零（地）插孔，在采用接零保护时，有人常常仅在插座底内将此孔接线桩头与引入插座内的那根零线直接相连，这是极为危险的。因为万一电源的零线断开，或者电源的火（相）线、零线接反，其外壳等金属部分也将带上与电源相同的电压，这就会导致触电。
Usually, the electric equipment of single-phase, especially mobile electrical equipment socket should use three core plug and matching. Three hole socket has special protection to zero (ground) Jack, used in zero connection protection, people often only in the hole in the socket bottom wiring pile head and into the socket that is directly connected to the zero line, it is extremely dangerous. Because if the zero line of the power is broken, or the power line (or line) is reversed, the shell and other metal parts will also have the same voltage as the power supply, which will lead to electric shock.
因此，接线时专用接地插孔应与专用的保护接地线相连。采用接零保护时，接零线应从电源端专门引来，而不应就近利用引入插座的零线。
Therefore, the earthing socket for the connection should be connected to the special protective earthing line. With zero protection, the zero line should be introduced from the power supply, and the zero line of the plug should be used.
3、塑料绝缘导线为什么严禁直接埋在墙内？
3. Why do plastic insulated conductors be strictly forbidden to be buried directly in the wall?
（1）塑料绝缘导线长时间使用后，塑料会老化龟裂，绝缘水平大大降低，当线路短时过载或短路时，更易加速绝缘的损坏。
(1) plastic insulated conductors will be cracked after aging for a long time, and the insulation level will be greatly reduced. When the line is short circuited overload or short circuit, it will accelerate the insulation damage.
（2）一旦墙体受潮，就会引起大面积漏电，危及人身安全。
(2) once the wall is dampened, it will cause a large area of electricity leakage, endangering the safety of the body.
（3）塑料绝缘导线直接暗埋，不利于线路检修和保养。
(3) the plastic insulated wire is buried directly, which is not conducive to the maintenance and maintenance of the line.
4、为什么要使用漏电保护器？
4. Why should we use a leakage protector?
漏电保护器又称漏电保护开关，是一种新型的电气安全装置，其主要用途是：
The leakage protector, also known as the leakage protection switch, is a new type of electrical safety device. Its main use is:
（1）防止由于电气设备和电气线路漏电引起的触电事故。
(1) prevent electric shock caused by electric equipment and electric line leakage.
（2）防止用电过程中的单相触电事故。
(2) prevention of single phase electric shock in the process of electricity use.
（3）及时切断电气设备运行中的单相接地故障，防止因漏电引起的电气火灾事故。
(3) cut off the single-phase grounding fault in the operation of electrical equipment in time so as to prevent electric fire accidents caused by the leakage of electricity.
（4）随着人们生活水平的提高，家用电器的不断增加，在用电过程中，由于电气设备本身的缺陷、使用不当和安全技术措施不利而造成的人身触电和火灾事故，给人民的生命和财产带来了不应有的损失，而漏电保护器的出现，对预防各类事故的发生，及时切断电源，保护设备和人身安全，提供了可靠而有效的技术手段。
(4) with the improvement of living standards, increasing household appliances, in the process of electricity, due to improper use and safety measures against the defects of electrical equipment, caused by electric shock and fire accidents, to people's lives and property should not bring some loss, and leakage protector there, to prevent all kinds of accidents, to cut off the power supply to protect the equipment and personal safety, provide a reliable and effective technical means.
5、发生触电事故的主要原因是什么？
5. What is the main cause of the electric shock accident?
统计资料表明，发生触电事故的主要原因有以下几种：
Statistics show that the main causes of electric shock accidents are as follows:
（1）缺乏电气安全知识，在高压线附近放风筝，爬上高压电杆掏鸟巢；低压架空线路断线后不停电用手去拾火线；黑夜带电接线手摸带电体；用手摸破损的胶盖刀闸。
(1) lack of electrical safety knowledge, fly kites near the high voltage line, climb up the high-voltage pole to dig the bird's nest, and connect the low voltage overhead lines without interruption, and pick up the fire lines by hand. The night live line connects the charged body, and touch the damaged rubber cover with the hand.
（2）违反操作规程，带电连接线路或电气设备而又未采取必要的安全措施；触及破坏的设备或导线；误登带电设备；带电接照明灯具；带电修理电动工具；带电移动电气设备；用湿手拧灯泡等。
(2) in violation of the rules, the charged connection line or electrical equipment and take necessary safety measures; hit and destroyed equipment or wires; misuse Gordon energized equipment; charged connected lighting; electric repair electric tools; electrical equipment charged mobile; wet hand screw etc..
（3）设备不合格，安全距离不够；二线一地制接地电阻过大；接地线不合格或接地线断开；绝缘破坏导线**在外等。
(3) the equipment is not qualified, the safety distance is not enough, the grounding resistance is too large in the second line and one place, the grounding line is unqualified or the grounding wire is disconnected, and the insulation failure wire is outside.
（4）设备失修，大风刮断线路或刮倒电杆未及时修理；胶盖刀闸的胶木损坏未及时更改；电动机导线破损，使外壳长期带电；瓷瓶破坏，使相线与拉线短接，设备外壳带电。
(4) equipment disrepair, wind blown down or broken line pole without timely repair; cover the knife gate bakelite damaged not timely change; motor wire breakage, the shell long live; porcelain destruction, the phase line and cable short circuit equipment shell charged.
（5）其他偶然原因，夜间行走触碰断落在地面的带电导线。
(5) other accidental causes that touch a charged wire that falls on the ground at night.
6、发生触电时应采取哪些救护措施？
6. What measures should be taken when electric shock occurs?
发生触电事故时，在保证救护者本身安全的同时，必须首先设法使触电者迅速脱离电源，然后进行以下抢修工作。
When an electric shock accident happens, we must first try to make the electric shock quickly leave the power supply while ensuring the safety of the ambulance itself, and then do the following repair work.
（1）解开妨碍触电者呼吸的紧身衣服。
(1) unlock the tight clothes that obstruct the breathing of the electric shock.
（2）检查触电者的口腔，清理口腔的粘液，如有假牙，则取下。
(2) check the mouth of the electric shock person, clean the mucus of the mouth, if there is a false tooth, then take it down.
（3）立即就地进行抢救，如呼吸停止，采用口对口人工呼吸法抢救，若心脏停止跳动或不规则颤动，可进行人工胸外挤压法抢救。决不能无故中断。
(3) rescue immediately, such as respiratory arrest, rescue by mouth to mouth artificial respiration. If the heart stops beating or irregular fibrillation, it can be rescued by artificial extrapural extration. It must not be interrupted without any reason.
如果现场除救护者之外，还有第二人在场，则还应立即进行以下工作：
If second people are present in addition to the rescuers at the scene, the following work should be done immediately:
1）提供急救用的工具和设备。
1) provide the tools and equipment for first aid.
2）劝退现场闲杂人员。
2) discouraging Xianzarenyuan site.
3）保持现场有足够的照明和保持空气流通。
3) keep the scene with sufficient lighting and keep the air flow.
4）向领导报告，并请医生前来抢救。
4) report to the leader and ask the doctor to come to the rescue.
实验研究和统计表明，如果从触电后1分钟开始救治，则90%可以救活；如果从触电后6分钟开始抢救，则仅有10%的救活机会；而从触电后12分钟开始抢救，则救活的可能性极小。因此当发现有人触电时，应争分夺秒，采用一切可能的办法。
Experimental research and statistics show that if we start treatment from 1 minutes after electric shock, 90% can be saved; if we start rescuing from 6 minutes after the electric shock, there will be only 10% of the survival opportunities, and the 12 minute rescue from electric shock is unlikely. So when an electric shock is found, every possible way is to be taken.
7、家庭安全用电有哪些措施？
7. What are the measures for household safety electricity use?
随着家用电器的普及应用，正确掌握安全用电知识，确保用电安全至关重要。
With the popularization and application of household appliances, it is very important to correctly grasp the knowledge of safe use of electricity and ensure the safety of electricity use.
（1）不要购买“三无”的假冒伪劣家用产品。
(1) do not buy the fake and shoddy household products of "three noes".
（2）使用家电时应有完整可靠的电源线插头。对金属外壳的家用电器都要采用接地保护。
(2) there should be a complete and reliable power line plug when using home appliances. Earthing protection should be adopted for household electrical appliances with metal shells.